Flat foot means any lowering of the longitudinal arch of the foot. According to some surveys, in 90 percent of children population by age two, there is some form of flat foot. In most cases, it is physiological, "normal" occurrence in children.
During growth, the shape of children's feet are constantly changing with considerable individual differences among individuals. Children internal longitudinal arch of the foot develops after the age of three, due to several factors: the existence of a fat pad on the inside of the foot which disappears over time, laxity of ligaments, and for the relative weakness of muscles in children growth.
The problem of flat feet can be highlighted by increased body weight disruption of the statics of the legs (knee deformities in the form of X) and for generalized ligamentarna laxity and may be part of the constitutional features of the individual.
Diagnosis
In most patients the longitudinal arch of the foot occurs at the age of three to five years, and it is estimated that the age of 10 only four percent of the child population is no "problem" of flat foot. In any case, when any doubt about the deformity of the foot, it is best to make orthopedic examination.
Orthopedic examination consists of observation of the child standing, sitting, walking, and when performing certain tests. Then evaluate the mobility of the joints of the foot, making the footprint foot (plantogram), and if necessary, additional examinations. All that is necessary for orthopedists to separate flat feet that are asymptomatic and represent a physiological variant of normal foot, deformities from those with flat feet are rigid, with obvious symptoms and who need further examination and treatment.
Treatment
In most cases, flat feet in children are painless and more cosmetic than functional deformities, and thus does not require active treatment.
Taking care of parents is no reason at all cost be prescribed for orthopedic devices such as orthopedic pads or corrective shoes. Children in this period are advised walking barefoot over rough terrain, and certain exercises walking on a finger, toe, catching objects with feet, owing to activate and strengthen the muscles of the foot, which indirectly affects the postural position of the foot .
It is scientifically proven that preventive Prescribed orthopedic pads and shoes do not affect the further development of the feet so that the care of parents netretiranjeto of asymptomatic physiological flat feet in children will lead to later complications or deformity is unfounded and should not affect the decision physician.
Treatment of flat feet in children is justified if the child complains of sore feet, shin or if the patient is pronounced wear shoes. However, the diagnosis of such flexible flat feet go through the exclusion of many other serious conditions that can give the same symptoms. Symptoms of fatigue and discomfort in the area of the feet and legs are treated by adjusting the shoe to be comfortable, high and wide front and with good longitudinal arch, or the pads that the discretion of Orthopaedics can be partial or complete with internal bag with extra cushion in front of the foot, the inner wedge along the back foot and the like.
In severe cases of symptomatic physiological flat foot unresponsive to initial conservative method is prescribed for specially made individual pads that evenly distributed in January of body weight on the foot. But these devices are significantly more expensive, it is often changed with the rise of the foot and is still questionable their viability and effectiveness.
In severe deformities of flat feet need to do additional tests in terms of shortening the Achilles tendon, which require further treatment. The only reason for surgical treatment of physiological flat foot is significant nepodudarnost the skeleton of the foot, which causes severe pain and excessive wear shoes.
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